Contexts
Ukraine – Russia
The Center for Peace Mediation has been active in the Ukraine-Russia context since 2014. Since then, it has been in close contact with Ukrainian academics and political, practical and academic actors from various countries involved in the conflict.
The CPM's research and support activities in this context focus on current methodological dilemmas. From 2014 to 2022, they investigated into methodological challenges of intra-societal dialogue in Ukraine. After Russia´s full scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, it shifted to improving and preparing dialogue and negotiation approaches for the logic of an asymmetric war.
The spectrum of activities ranges from research and method development to media contributions to method support for Ukrainian dialogue actors and consultancy of experts active in Ukraine (e.g. under the auspices of the Swiss FDFA the OSCE).
The research work is directly embedded in the methodological support of political and practical partners. Problem descriptions, hypotheses, questions, analysis results and recommendations for action are developed in close exchange with those partners.
Key partners are the Mediation and Dialogue Research Center of the Kyiv Mohyla Academy, the Ukrainian Community of Dialogue Practitioners, the Center for Security Studies ETH Zurich, the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerland (FDFA), CSSP and the German Federal Foreign Office.
Overview of activities
- Naumann (2024): "That's why everything happens in silence": expert gives insight into Ukraine talks behind Putin and Selenskyi. Interview with Anne Holper. In: Frankfurter Rundschau.de
- Naumann (2024): "Ukraine war as a 'means to an end': trauma and recognition - what does Putin's Russia really want?" Interview with Anne Holper. In: Frankfurter Rundschau.de
- Naumann (2024): "Deeply inscribed in the KGB school": why Putin may not (only) be concerned with Ukraine Interview with Anne Holper. In: Frankfurter Rundschau.de
- Latan (2024): "Red lines in politics: sensible or counterproductive?" Interview with Anne Holper. In: Deutsche Welle.de
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2024): How the peace summit can be a success for Ukraine, Focus Online.
- Initiative Mediation Support Germany (2024): Statement "Military support AND diplomacy - and what the Swiss 'peace summit' can achieve"(German/English) in cooperation with CSSP and inmedio
- Initiative Mediation Support Germany ( 2022): Non-paper "War in Ukraine: Do negotiations have a chance?" in cooperation with the Berghof Foundation, CSSP and inmedio
- Kirchhoff/Holper (2023): Four levers are important to get closer to the end of the Ukraine war, Focus Online.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2022): The Germans' inner Putin contradiction and how we should talk to Russia now, Focus Online.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2022): Whoever wants peace should wait for the decisive moment with Putin, Focus Online.
- Holper (2022): Peace strategies: offering Putin a new arena, ARD morning show.
- Kirchhoff/Holper (2022): Negotiating at all costs? What Butscha means for the peace talks, Focus Online.
- Kirchhoff/ Holper (2022): Do Putin and Nato find a way out in Ukraine?, Merkur.de.
- Kirchhoff/Holper (2022):A despot in a dead end - can the West open a door to peace for Putin?, Focus Online.
- Holper (2022): Negotiation offers must include golden bridges, Publik Forum.
- Holper/Kyselova (2020): Inclusion Dilemmas in Peacebuilding and Dialogues in Ukraine. In: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 27(3), 475-485.
- Kraus (now Holper)/Frazer/Kirchhoff/Kyselova/Mason/Palmiano Federer (2019): Dilemmas and Trade-Offs in Peacemaking: A Framework for Navigating Difficult Decisions. Politics and Governance, Vol. 7 (4), 331-342.
- Kraus (now Holper)/Kyselova (2018): Doing Action Research on Dialogues in Ukraine. Journal of Counselling and Management Sciences. Special Issue: Conflict Resolution and Peace Initiatives, 64-71.
- Kyselova/Kraus (now Holper)/Kirchhoff/von Dobeneck (2017): Track III Dialogues in Ukraine: Full Research Report. Center for Peace Mediation/Kiev-Mohyla Academy.
- Kerber/Kraus (now Holper) (eds.) (2017): Dialogue in Odessa, Ukraine. Findings and suggestions based on a series of interviews with local dialogue actors. Centre for Peace Mediation.
- Kyselova/von Dobeneck (2017): Track III Dialogues in Ukraine: Major Patterns and Resulting Risks. Research-based policy paper. (Ukrainian).
- von Dobeneck/Kraus (now Holper)/Kyselova (2016): Challenges to Mediation and Dialogue in Ukraine: Distrust in Procedures and a Dysfunctional Market. Discussion Paper.
- Mediation Support Network (2016): Challenges to Mediation Support in Hot Wars. Learnings from Syria and Ukraine. MSN Discussion Points 7.
Research and transfer projects
Since 2018: Tough Choices: Dilemmas and Decisions in Peacemaking
Since 2016: Track III Dialogues: Challenges and Trends in Ukraine
2014-2015: The Common House - Supporting and Broadening Dialogue Processes in Odesa
Other activities
- 16 October 2024: Methods Workshop “Arms, Trauma and Victory” in the framework of KIU with Ukrainian and international experts from academia and mediation practice
- 17-18 September 2024: Seminars “Applied Conflict Analysis” and “Dilemma Management” at KIU Summer School "War in Ukraine: Destruction of heritage - mastering legacy"
- 16 April 2024: Informal exchange on diplomacy and dialogue in war with the Ukrainian Community of Dialogue Practitioners (CoP) at CSSP - Berlin Center for Integrative Mediation
- 23-27 October 2023: Training "Dialogue & Crisis Diplomacy - Confrontation, Co-Existence or Cooperation?" in cooperation with the Training for International Diplomats of the Federal Foreign Office
- 22 May 2023: Informal exchange with the Ukrainian Community of Dialogue Practitioners (CoP) on the occasion of the publication of Ukraine Peace Appeal: Towards a more informed solidarity at CSSP - Berlin Center for Integrative Mediation
- 5-10 September 2022: Training "Peace Mediation & Crisis Diplomacy in Action: Translating the New Realism into Practice - Approaches & Instruments for a Possible Future Co-Existence in the OSCE Region", with a focus on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, in cooperation with the Academy for International Diplomatic Training of the Federal Foreign Office
- 19 May 2022: Expert workshop "Peace & Security: How to bring dialogue and toughness together" with MPs, representatives of the Federal Foreign Office and the IFSH in cooperation with the Berghof Foundation at the Reichstag Club
- 18 May 2022: Lecture "The Role and the Limits of Dialogue in Polarised Conflict: Perspectives from inside the Russia's War on Ukraine" by Tetiana Kyselova as part of the White Nights without Borders
- 12-13 May 2022: Conference "New relevance of the Weimar Triangle in the face of the war in Ukraine?" in cooperation with the Genshagen Foundation and the Centre Marc Bloch
- 22 March 2022: Acceptance of Tetiana Kyselova as Viadrina Fellow
- 4 March 2022: Workshop "Peace Mediation: Are there perspectives for the Russia-Ukraine conflict?" by Anne Holper in the International Parliamentary Fellowship Programme of the German Bundestag
- 19 January 2022: Lecture "'This far and no further?' The dilemma of the 'red line' in peace mediation" by Anne Holper at the BOiM Research Factory
- 7 December 2021: Online panel "Science Diplomacy. Conflicting goals and opportunities for science stakeholders using the example of Belarus" in cooperation with Ukraine Calling
- 19 April 2021: Lecture "Red Lines in Peacemaking" by Anne Holper and Dana Landau at swisspeace Open Space
- 13 April 2021: Seminar "Forget Consensus, Embrace Agonism?" in the Corridors Programme with the Mediation and Dialogue Research Center, Kyiv Mohyla Academy
- 4 February 2021: Contribution to the panel discussion "'This far and no further'? The Making and Shifting of Red Lines in Peacemaking" by Anne Holper and Dana Landau at the Swiss Political Science Association Conference
- 9 November 2020: Peaceland Talk "Inclusion Dilemmas in Peacebuilding and Dialogue in Ukraine" with Tetiana Kyselova, Anne Holper and Karina Korostelina, Mediation and Dialogue Research Center, Kyiv Mohyla Academy, Ukraine
- 9 September 2019: Paper presentation on "Inclusion Dilemmas in Peacebuilding and Dialogues in Ukraine" at the Conflict Research Society Conference in Brighton
- 28 November 2018: Workshop "Excluded Identities in Ukraine: What about 'the other Ukrainians'?" by Anne Holper and Tetiana Kyselova at the Viadrina B/Orders in Motion Research Factory
- 10 March 2016: Experts Round Table "Limits and Obstacles of Mediation and Dialogue in Post-Soviet Societies, Focus: Ukraine"
- Since 2016: Workshops on communication, mediation, micro-skills and dealing with dilemmas in Ukraine Calling summer schools
- 2014-2015: Support for dialogue actors in Odesa, Ukraine "The Common House - Supporting and Broadening Dialogue Processes"
- November 2014: Presentation "Strengthening a Culture of Dialogue in Ukraine through Capacity Building Initiatives: Potentials and Challenges in Odesa" by Anne Holper at the OSCE Conflict Prevention Center Vienna
- June 2014: Lecture "Peace Mediation and Dialogue Processes - Potentials in the Ukraine Crisis" by Lars Kirchhoff at the German Embassy in Kiev
European Union
The Center for Peace Mediation addresses questions and conflicts related to the processes of EU enlargement in various activities. Together with the Training for International Diplomats of the German Federal Foreign Office, for example, the CPM offers workshops for diplomats from candidate countries to analyse conflicting interests surrounding EU enlargement and accession negotiations. This includes also discussing the progress reports and exploring how the war in Ukraine initiated by Russia is affecting negotiations with both Ukraine and the Western Balkan states.
The EU in its capacity as a mediating body is another focus of the CPM in this context. In the years between 2011 and 2013, the CPM supported the EU in professionalizing its capacities in the field of peace mediation, taking also the specific methodological and structural challenges of mediation offered and supported by the EU into account.
Overview of activities
- Kraus (now Holper)/Kirchhoff (2012): "What will the face and soul of EU peace mediation be?" in Tamminen (ed.): "Strengthening the EU's peace mediation capacities. Leveraging for peace through new ideas and thinking", p. 81-89
- Kirchhoff/Kraus (now Holper) (2011): "Peace mediation in the context of the EU. Snapshot of an establishment process. Evaluation and commentary of the expert symposium on 23 June 2011 in Berlin" (English version)
- Kirchhoff/Kraus (now Holper)/Wählisch (2008): "Mediative Methoden in der internationalen Friedensförderung"
- 2024: Presentation and discussion "Conflict Management/EU Enlargement" AT the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Montenegro
- 2024: Face-to-face workshop "Dialogue & Crisis Diplomacy/EU Enlargement" in cooperation with the Training for International Diplomats of the Federal Foreign Office
- 2024: Digital workshop "Interest-Profiling & Dilemma Management/EU Enlargement" in cooperation with the Training for International Diplomats of the Federal Foreign Office
- 2017: Contribution to the Viadrina Summer School "Ambivalences of Conflict Resolution. The EU's Responses to Internal and External Crises"
- 2013: Peace mediation training and coaching of officials of the European External Action Service and representatives of EU member states
- 2012: Lecture "Peace Mediation in the context of EU and UN" at the Mediation Congress of the Bundes-Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Familien-Mediation, the Bundesverband Mediation and the Bundesverband Mediation in Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt
- 2012: Lecture "Mediation in international cooperation" at the expert meeting of the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) on "Mediation in German development cooperation"
- 2012: Workshop "What Will Be the Face and the Soul of EU Peace Mediation?" at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs on "EU's Peace Mediation Capacities: Leveraging for peace through fresh ideas"
- 2012: Peace mediation training and coaching of European External Action Service officials and representatives of EU member states
- 2011: Symposium "Peace Mediation in the Context of the EU. Snapshot of an Establishment Process". Symposium report.
- 2011: Peace mediation training and coaching of officials of the European External Action Service and representatives of EU member states
- 2010: Panel "Conflict Management & the EU" at the 20th Economic Forum, Krynica, Poland
- 2009: Contributions to the workshop "The EU multitrack approach in international peace mediation: Building capacity and strengthening cooperation between the EU and private diplomacy actors" organised by the Initiative for Peacebuilding and CMI in Brussels, Belgium
- 2008: Problem-solving workshop with conflict parties in cooperation with CITpax and swisspeace as part of an EU Confidence Building Mechanism
Middle East
Some of the Center`s activities touch the complex conflicts in the Middle East, particularly between Israel and the Palestinian Territories[TA1] [AD2] . The CPM is in contact with various political and practical actors working in or on this context.
Amongst others, the Middle East conflict is a regular subject in the workshops that the CPM offers as part of the International Parliamentary Fellowship (IPS) of the German Bundestag. The workshops offer a safe and structured space for an unfiltered exchange between different perspectives on that conflict and strategies to address it, including Germany's often critised role in the region.
Overview of activities
- 2023: Interview by Lars Kirchhoff with Steffen Seibert, Ambassador in Tel Aviv, "A region-specific and balance sheet view of the implementation of the turning point with a view to Israel"
- 2022: Interview with Anne Holper and Lars Kirchhoff, "Middle East, distant peace? A mediation-methodological look at the Middle East conflict" with Viadrina Logbuch
- 2024: Discussion room "Israel & Palestine - Listen. Reflect. Respond" at the European University Viadrina
- 2023: Analysis of the Holy Land Confederation project as part of the research project Constitution Mediation Nexus
- 2022: Panel contribution by Anne Holper to the discussion forum "Conflict Mediation in the Near and Middle East: Methodological Tools and Examples" of the German Oriental Institute
- 2021: Method support for a series of expert workshops with representatives from Israel and the Palestinian territories, moderated by a think tank, supported by the Federal Foreign Office
China
In the context of its methodological research, the Center for Peace Mediation works also on China. The common denominator of those activities are the fundamental ideological and value-related differences between Europe and China in dealing with conflicts.
Overview of activities
- Kraus (now Holper) (2011): Culture-sensitive Process Design: Overcoming Ethical and Methodological Dilemmas. In: Simon Mason, Damiano Sguaitamatti (eds.), Religion in Conflict Transformation. Politorbis, 52, 2, 35ff.
- Kraus (now Holper) (2011): Intercultural Procedural Ethics. A model for mediating conflicts between particular procedural norms. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
- Kraus (now Holper) (2008): China and Europe: negotiating between different procedural preferences. In: Mehta/Rückert (eds.), Mediation. Instrument of Conflict Settlement and Service. Vienna, Falter. 122ff.
- Kraus (now Holper) (2008): Mediation in procedural conflicts between European and Chinese parties. In: Journal for Conflict Management, 1, 2008.
- 20 October 2022: Input to the conference "Cultural Cooperation with China: Opportunities, Challenges, Red Lines?" of the Mercator Foundation and Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa)
- 4 October 2021: Input to workshop “Practice Analysis in Intercultural Dialogue – Learning Experiences, Confidence Building and Best Practice” of the Mercator Foundation and Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa)
Afghanistan
The Center for Peace Mediation has worked in two different projects on Afghanistan.
In 2009-10, together with the Humboldt-Viadrina School of Governance it supported Afghan civil society leaders in strengthening their conflict management skills.
In 2022, against the background failed German engagement in Afghanistan, the CPM led an informal lessons learned process with the German Federal Foreign Office and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development on conflicting goals and concrete needs for change in interministerial cooperation.
Overview of activities
- 2022: Series of talks and interviews by the Mediation Hub with experts from the German Federal Foreign Office and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development on the Federal Government's engagement in Afghanistan.
- 2009-2010: Capacity Building Programme for Afghan Civil Society Leaders, led by the Humboldt-Viadrina School of Government and funded by the German Federal Foreign Office