Dilemmas and Goal Conflicts in Peacemaking
Research & transfer project "Though Choices"
Research & transfer project "Though Choices: Dilemmas & Decisions in Peacemaking"
What sacrifices are we prepared to make in the name of peace? How should we deal with warmongering autocratic regimes that reject our own values constitutive values but with which we are in a delicate relationship of dependency? Should we negotiate humanitarian corridors for the suffering population with non-state armed groups ("terrorists"), even if we have to accept their blackmail strategies in that process?
Even with the best of intentions, it is very difficult not to cause damage in such complex dilemma situations; compromises are virtually unavoidable. The interdisciplinary Tough Choices Cluster of Viadrina, ETH Zurich and Kyiv Mohyla Academy is developing approaches that help to find targeted, damage-reducing and often even value-creating solution options in such situations. Special attention is paid to “red lines”, which traditionally create particularly difficult dilemmas (see Publications and Activities).
The "Tough Choices" research cluster brings together experience-based and theoretical knowledge on dealing with dilemmas and conflicting goals from various disciplines and fields of action. In the spirit of practice research, the entire research process is designed as a continuous feedback loop between researchers and practitioners in order to ensure the relevance, validity and usability of the results.
An initial prototype for systematic dilemma management was created in 2019. Since then, it has been used to diagnose and find solutions to dilemmas and goal conflicts in various contexts and has been continuously developed further. In academic teaching (see the ViAPACS programme) and in capacity building for diplomats, think tanks and civil society actors, dilemma management has become a special focus of the CPM.
The project built on the results of the research project “Managing Boundaries in Triadic Negotiation Processes” (2014-2016, funding: B/Orders in Motion), in which the actions of third parties along normative and procedural boundaries were examined.
IKM
Project overview
- Naumann (2024): "That's why everything happens in silence": Advisor gives insight into Ukraine talks behind Putin and Selenskyi. In: Frankfurter Rundschau.de
- Naumann (2024): Ukraine war as a "means to an end": trauma and recognition - What does Putin's Russia really want?. In: Frankfurter Rundschau.de
- Naumann (2024): "Deeply inscribed in the KGB school": Why Putin may not (only) be interested in Ukraine. In: Frankfurter Rundschau.de
- Deutsche Welle (2024): Red lines in politics: sensible or counterproductive? Interview with Anne Holper.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2024): How the peace summit can be a success for Ukraine, Focus Online.
- Kirchhoff/Holper (2023): Four levers are important to get closer to ending the war in Ukraine, Focus Online.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2022): The Germans' inner Putin contradiction and how we should talk to Russia now, Focus Online.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2022): Who wants peace should wait for decisive moment with Putin, Focus Online.
- Holper (2022): Peace strategies: offering Putin a new arena, ARD morning show.
- Kirchhoff/Holper (2022): Negotiating at all costs? What Butscha means for the peace talks, Focus Online.
- Kirchhoff/ Holper (2022): Will Putin and Nato find a way out of Ukraine?, Merkur.de.
- Kirchhoff/Holper (2022): A despot at a dead end - can the West open a door to peace for Putin?, Focus Online.
- Holper (2022): Negotiation offers must include golden bridges, Publik Forum.
- Hellmüller (2022): Peacemaking in a shifting world order: A macro-level analysis of UN mediation in Syria. In: Review of International Studies, Vol. 48 (3), 543-559.
- Hellmüller (2021): The Challenge of Forging Consent to UN Mediation in Internationalised Civil Wars: The Case of Syria. In: International Negotiation. Advance online publication.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2021): Rethinking the Professionalisation of Peace Mediation. In: Turner/Wählisch (eds.): Rethinking Peace Mediation. Challenges of Contemporary Peacemaking Practice. Bristol: The Bristol University Press, 355-372.
- Holper/Kyselova (2020): Inclusion Dilemmas in Peacebuilding and Dialogues in Ukraine. In: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. advance online publication.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (2020): (Dys-)Functions and Potentials of Norms as a Guidance System for Peace Mediators. In: Swiss Political Science Review, 26(4), Special Issue "Norms in International Peace Mediation", 466-488.
- Brockmeier/Holper (2020): Germany & Peace Mediation (Part 2): Interview with Niels Annen. PeacebyPeace Podcast S3E5.
- Brockmeier/Kirchhoff/von Dobeneck (2020): Germany & Peace Mediation (Part 1): Between Methodology, Power and Politics. PeacebyPeace Podcast S3E4.
- Holper/Kirchhoff (eds.) (2020): Peace Mediation - Tensions between Methodology, Power and Politics. Interdisciplinary studies on Mediation and Conflict Management. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag.
- Kraus (now Holper)/Frazer/Kirchhoff/Kyselova/Mason/Palmiano Federer (2019): Dilemmas and Trade-Offs in Peacemaking: A Framework for Navigating Difficult Decisions. In: Politics and Governance, Vol. 7 (4), 331-342.
- Hellmüller (2019): Beyond Buzzwords: Civil Society Inclusion in Mediation, in: Ho-Won: Conflict Management and Transformation: Theory and Practice. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Kraus (now Holper)/Kirchhoff/Mason (2017): Safe Spaces: Mapping the Red Lines in Peacemakers`Trade-Offs. Research Outline for B/Orders in Motion Seed Money Project 2018-2019.
- Kraus (now Holper)/Frazer/Kirchhoff/Mason (2016): Poster for B/Orders in Motion Seed Money Application
- 14 June 2024: Interview with Anne Holper on "Red lines in politics: useful or counterproductive?" on Deutsche Welle
- 16 November 2022: Contribution to the panel discussion "Dilemmas in conflict mediation: Methods and tools applied to examples from the Near and Middle East" at the German Orient Institute Berlin
- 20 October 2022: Lecture "Goals and limits of cooperation with China" at the conference "Cultural Cooperation with China: Opportunities, Challenges, Red Lines?" of the Mercator Foundation and ifa
- 18 May 2022: Lecture "The Role and the Limits of Dialogue in Polarized Conflict: Perspectives from inside the Russia's War on Ukraine" by Tetiana Kyselova at the White Nights without Borders
- 19 January 2022: B/orders in Motion Research Factory "Up to here and no further? The dilemma of the 'red line' in peace mediation"
- 23 June 2021: Workshop "Dilemmas in Mediation Processes" at the swisspeace Summer School "Ukraine - Opportunities and Challenges for Dialogue"
- 19 April 2021: Presentation of research report "Red Lines in Peacemaking" at swisspeace Open Space
- 13 April 2021: Seminar "Forget Consensus, Embrace Agonism?" in the Corridors Programme with the Mediation and Dialogue Research Center, Kyiv Mohyla Academy
- 18 March 2021: Workshop "Dilemmas in Political Crises and Conflicts: A navigation aid" at the annual conference of the Association for Peace and Conflict Research (AFK)
- 4 February 2021: Contribution to the panel discussion "'This far and no further'? The Making and Shifting of Red Lines in Peacemaking" by Anne Holper and Dana Landau at the Swiss Political Science Association Conference
- 9 November 2020: Online Peaceland Talk on "Inclusion Dilemmas in Peacebuilding and Dialogue" with Tatiana Kyselova, Anne Holper and Karina Korostelina, hosted by the Mediation & Dialogue Research Center, Kyiv Mohyla Academy, Ukraine
- 27 January 2020: Reflective Practice Workshop "Dealing with Dilemmas in Peace Process Support" with the GIZ Syria Cluster
- 27 November 2019: Workshop "Dealing with Difficult Decisions and Dilemmas in Peace Mediation" at the Berghof Foundation
- 8-10 September 2019: Presentation of the research report "Inclusion Dilemma Ukraine" at the Conflict Research Society Conference in Brighton
- 2-6 September 2019: Training & Coaching "Peace Mediation & Crisis Diplomacy in Action: Managing Difficult Decisions and Dilemmas in Societal Transitions" in cooperation with the German Federal Foreign Office
- 6 March 2019: Teaching contribution on dilemma management in the MAS Mediation in Peace Processes at ETH Zurich
- 28 November 2018: B/Orders in Motion Research Factory 'Excluded Identities in Ukraine: What to do with "the other Ukrainians'?" at Viadrina
Funding:
- Viadrina B/ORDERS IN MOTION Seed Money, 2018-2019
Lead
- Dr Anne Holper (previously Kraus), European University Viadrina
- Dr Simon Mason, ETH Zurich
Research
- Dr Owen Frazer, Berghof Foundation
- Dr Sara Hellmüller, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
- Dr Anne Holper (previously Kraus), European University Viadrina
- Prof Dr Lars Kirchhoff, European University Viadrina
- Dr Tetiana Kyselova, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy
- Dr Dana Landau, swisspeace / University of Basel
- Dr Simon Mason, ETH Zurich
- Dr Julia Palmiano Federer, Ottawa Dialogue
- Dr Valerie Sticher, ETH Zurich
Management
- Dr Christian Hochmuth